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Difference between Shallow Foundation and Deep Foundation
Foundation is among the essential components of the building. It shifts the overall loads out of the building to the ground and offers strength to the building. Foundation can be mainly categorized into 2 categories, for example, Deep Foundation and Shallow Foundation. They’re primarily categorized on the basis of the extent or depth whereupon foundation is offered.
Deep foundation and shallow foundation possess numerous dissimilarities. Bases of major dissimilarities amid shallow and deep foundations are description, foundation level (depth), practicability, outlay, load transfer system, merits, demerits, sorts, etc.
In the subsequent chart, the major dissimilarities amid deep and shallow foundation are provided:
| Basis | Shallow Foundation | Deep Foundation |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | Foundation which is positioned close to the ground surface or shifts the loads on a low (shallow) level (depth) is known as shallow foundation. | Foundation which is positioned at a larger level (depth) or shifts the loads to deep stratum is known as deep foundation. |
| Foundation depth | The level (depth) of shallow foundation is usually around three meters or the foundation depth is not more than the footing. | More than shallow foundation. |
| Outlay | Shallow foundation is affordable. | Deep foundations are usually quite costly as compared with shallow foundation. |
| Practicability | Shallow foundations are simpler to build. | The creation procedure of a deep foundation is quite arduous. |
| Method of load shift | Shallow foundations shift loads generally through end bearing. | Deep foundations depend on both skin friction & end bearing, along with some provisions such as end bearing pile. |
| Benefits | Construction materials are obtainable, a smaller amount of laborer is required, construction process is easy at a reasonable outlay, etc. | Foundation can be offered at a larger level (depth), Offers sideways assistance and opposes lift up, efficient as soon as foundation on a low (shallow) level (depth) is unfeasible, could bear massive load, and so on. |
| Demerits | Probability of a settlement, generally appropriate for light-weight arrangement, ineffectual next to sideways loads, etc. | Quite costly, requires experienced laborers, intricate construction process, could be time-taking and certain categories of deep foundations aren’t quite yielding, etc. |
| Categories | Combined foundation, mat foundation, strip foundation, isolated foundation, etc. | Caissons, Pile foundation, Pier foundation, etc. |
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