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Different types of Materials for Excavation

Excavation is the method of shifting rock, earth, or other materials by the application of several equipment, explosives, or tools. The excavation process consists of wall shafts, trenching, earthwork, tunneling, or making underground. Excavation can be done by using hand tools or machinery tools based on the type of land or the depth of the excavation.

Hand tools used for excavation

In the case of smaller depth of excavation procedure in small areas, hand tools are enough to perform the excavation process. In this context, manpower is crucial to operate those hand tools.

Different types of hand tools and their functions are explained below:

Mattock

This type of material is generally used as a lifting tool because of the availability of the curve-shaped metals on the bottom of this equipment. This material almost looks like a pick axe. Mattock is not appropriate for any kind of serious digging.

Mattock

Pickaxe

There is a hard spike in the Pickaxe. Small trenches in soil have been excavated by this Pick axe. Soil can be cut with the help of this material even in case the soil is hard type. On one side of the Pickaxe, there is a metal spike, whereas, on the side of the Pickaxe, there is a wide blade placed.

Pickaxe

Rake

The rake consists of horizontal rods along with metal teeth. The removal of the small layers of the soil has been performed by this tool.

Rake

Hoe

This is another excavating tool that comprises a metal plate. This metal plate of Hoe is attached to the long handle along with the acute angle. It has sharp edges which help to excavate the soil. Hoe is used for small work excavation. In some cases, the metal plate of Hoe is replaced by the fork-type plate.

Hoe

Trowel

This is the hand-size excavation material. Shallow roots can be removed by using a trowel. In addition, it can also dig small trenches in soil.

Trowel

Spade

A long handle is attached to the metal plates in a spade. The handle of the spade is usually used with wood and the metal plate has sharp edges which help to dig the soil. The metal plate of spade has less curvature which hampers the soil-lifting process.

Spade

Shovel

This excavation material is similar to a spade but the curvature of the metal plate is higher than a spade in general. In this regard, there is more possibility to hold and lift soil easily with the help of a shovel as compared to a spade. An individual can also shovel in the excavation of soil and sand.

Shovel

Machinery tools used for excavation

Tracked Excavator

Tracked Excavator has two parts which are a long arm and a cabinet, in which the long arm also has two parts including Boom and Dipper-stick. There is a digging bucket which is attached to the dipper part. The entire long-arm part of the Tracked excavator has the ability to rotate 360 degrees. This machinery tool can be used in construction sites, pipeline industries, forestry, and others. This tracked excavator is also known as a hydraulic excavator as its functions is performed with the help of hydraulic fluid.

Tracked Excavator

Back Hoe Excavator

In the Back Hoe excavator, the hoe is located on the back side of the excavator and the loader bucket is placed on the front side of the excavator. In this regard, this excavator can perform both loading and digging works. This excavation machine is widely used in recent times as it is versatile and smaller in size. The moving of this machine is also easy because of the presence of wheels which enhances its popularity.

Back Hoe Excavator

Wheeled Excavator

In a Wheeled Excavator, the movement of the machine is done with the help of wheels. The moving of the machine is quick as compared to the Tracked Excavator. The limitation of a Wheeled Excavator is it is not suitable for hilly areas or uneven grounds as it is slippery in nature. In the construction of roads, it can be used.

Wheeled Excavator

Dragline Excavator

This type of excavation material is used for larger depth of excavations. For example, the construction of ports, the removal of underwater sediments, and others. These heavy equipment are available at greater economy.

Dragline Excavator

Bulldozer

Bulldozer has the ability to work any terrain because of its caterpillar tracks. This machine also has the ability to excavate the soil by stripping.

Bulldozer

Trenchers

Trenchers are available in various sizes on the basis of their needs. This machine has the ability to dig trenches in the earth for pipeline laying, drainage purposes, and cable laying. It is available in two types including Chain trenchers and Wheeled trenchers. Chain trenchers help to cut the soil along with hard strata. On the other hand, Wheeled trenchers are able to cut the harder soil strata and pavement surfaces. This is economically better than Chain trenchers.

Trenchers

Power Shovels

Power Shovel is used for excavating the hardest type of earth. For example, the earth on mountains or under natural ground can be dug by using Power Shovels.